所谓看书几遍，不如真题一遍。真题虽然年年变，但从实际来看，大家会发现往年考过的知识点还是会不断的重复出题。为什么说真题重要?因为真题反映的是命题人的思想!作为考生与命题人交流的唯一资料和途径就是真题。所以读题要读命题人的思想，读懂了命题人的思想，就能赢得考试。因此，天任考研小编为大家整理了“广东财经大学2024考研真题：804-英语写作与翻译”相关内容，希望给同学们的专业课备考提供帮助!
PartIWriting(100分)
1.SummaryWriting(40分)
Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andwriteasummaryofabout300wordsforitinyourownwords.Directlycopyingsentencesfromthepassagewillresultindeductionofgrades.WritedownyoursummaryontheAnswerSheet.
UniversalPrinciplesofCommunicativeInteraction
Linguisticinteractiondisplaysaformidablediversityofmeansthatitsspeakersusetocommunicateinformationordisplayattitudes,feelings,andemotions.Thisvariationexistswithineachnaturallanguageaswellasacrosslanguages.Whenspeakersfromtwodifferentculturescommunicate,bothtypesofvariationareinvolved.Inordertounderstandtheprinciplesthatgovernthisinteraction,onemustsearchforgeneralizations.Someofthempertaintouniversalcharacteristicsofhumanrationalcommunicativebehavior;othersareconventionsthatinterlocutorsbringtothesituationofdiscoursefromtheirowncultures,wherecultureisunderstoodasanthropologicalculture,thatis,socialorganizationandpracticesspecifictoagroupofpeople.Wewillbeinterestedhereinthefirstkindofregularitiescapturedbyprinciplesthatarethedomainofphilosophicalpragmatics.
Atypicalnovicetolanguagestudybeginsbyobservingthedifferencesbetweenthewaysspeakersofdifferentlanguagescommunicate.Afterall,itcanappearintriguingtospeakersofEnglishthattherearelanguageswithoutgrammaticaltensesor,say,languageswithoutwordsforsententialconnectivessuchasconjunction,disjunction,orconditionality.YukatekMaya,MandarinChinese,ParaguayanGuarani,Burmese,Dyirbal,Kalaallisut(West-Greenlandic),orHopi,amongothers,havenogrammaticaltenses.Maricopa,aYumanlanguagespokenbytheNativeAmericanMaricopapeopleinArizona,hasnowordforand;Wari’,aChapacura-WanhamlanguageoftheAmazon,andTzeltal,aMayanlanguagespokeninMexico,havenowordsforor;GuuguYimithirr,anAustralianaboriginallanguage,hasnowordforif.Andyet,theexpressivepoweroftheselanguagesisnotdiminished.Onecancommunicateconjunctionbyasimplejuxtapositionof
phrases,disjunctionbyconditionalormodalmarkers,andconditionalitybyirrealismoodmarkers.Likewise,temporalreferencecanbecommunicatedbyaspectandmoodmarkers,orevenleftentirelytopragmaticinference:whatalanguagemay“lack”inlexicalmeans,itmayleavetogrammarorpragmatics;likewise,whatit“lacks”ingrammaticaldistinctions,itmayleavetothelexiconorpragmatics.Whileitisindeedtruethatwhatisgrammaticalizedorlexicalizedinalanguagemayemphasizecertainaspectsofreality,andassuchmayaffectthewaythespeakersofthelanguageviewtheworld,lexiconandgrammardonotimposelimitsoncommunicationorcognition:socioculturalconventionsandpragmaticinferencecompletethepoolofresources.Thisabilityoflanguagestoutilizethecombinationofresourcesindicatesthatinpursuingatheoryofmeaningindiscourse,weoughttosearchforuniversalsofcommunicationthatis,notlexicalorgrammaticaluniversalsbut,moreimportantly,pragmaticand,assuch,cognitiveuniversals.So,ourfirstassumeduniversalwillbethatalthoughlanguagesgiverisetoproblemswithtranslatability,theyallhavethesameexpressivepower.
Forourcurrentpurposes,crosslinguisticvariationinthelexiconandgrammarcan,therefore,beputasideandwecanmoveonelevelup,sotospeak,tothelevelwherelexical,grammatical,andpragmaticresources(suchasinferencesfromcontextorconventional,defaultinterpretations)interactthatis,tothelevelofuniversalsofcommunication,orpragmatic(inthebroadsense)universals.Inotherwords,apragmaticuniversalinthebroadsensewillpertaintoprinciplesof
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humancommunicationthatareaimedatnormativityandassuchpredictivepower,aswellasdelimitinguniversalunitsofsuchconversationalcontributionthatcanbesubjectedtoatheoreticalanalysis.Theseare,needlesstosay,ofgreatutilityformoresociopragmatics-orientedprojectssuchasthoseoninterculturalcommunication.Tocompare,apragmaticuniversalinthenarrowsensewillpertaintoaphenomenonthatisproposedashavinguniversalstatus.VonFintelandMatthewson(2008),forexample,pointoutthatalllanguageshavepresuppositions,thatis,meaningsthataretakenforgranted,sotospeak,andassuchneednotbeexplicitlyexpressed.Butwhilelanguagescanemploydifferentconventionsconcerningwhatisassumedtobealreadyknownandwhatisonlytobeaccommodated,theveryfactofleavingthingsouttobeassumedascommunicatedappearstobeauniversalofhumanlinguisticinteraction.Thisuniversalstatusofpresuppositionsand,likewise,arguablyGriceanimplicatures,isintimatelyrelatedtoouruniversalsinthebroadsenseinthattheyaresubsumed,ascontributors,undertheuniversalmodelofhumancommunication.
Allinall,theterm“pragmaticuniversal”canmeandifferentthings.Itcanmeanthekindsofconceptsthatpragmaticsisuniversallycapableofexpressing,suchaspresuppositionorthestructureofinformation.Itcanalsomeanthepowerofpragmaticstofillinthegaps,sotospeak,inthegrammarandlexicontoguaranteethelanguage’sunimpededexpressivepower.Moregenerallystill,itcanmeantheprinciplesthatinterlocutorsuseintheprocessoflinguisticinteractioninconveyingintendedmeaningontheonehandandrecoveringitontheother.Sincespeakerscan“leavethingsout”tobeassumedascommunicatedorevenasalreadysharedinthecommonground,thentheremustbeamechanismthataccountsforthistacitagreement.Grice’s(1975)CooperativePrincipleprovidesthismechanismandtherelevantuniversalthatlaysthefoundationforthesearchfortheactualuniversaldescriptorsofcommunicativeinteractionthatIattendtoinwhatfollows.Theprincipleofrationalbehaviorthatgovernsourformulationofutterancesononeendandtherecoveryoftheirmeaningontheotheramountstomakingone’s“conversationalcontributionsuchasisrequired,atthestageatwhichitoccurs,bytheacceptedpurposeordirectionofthetalkexchangeinwhich[oneis]engaged.”Theprinciplehasbeenwidelyacceptedasthefoundationstoneformostofmodernpragmaticsinthatitallowsformodelingmeaningontheassumptionthatwhatiscommunicated(Grice’smeaningNN,nonnaturalmeaning)canberecoveredfromtheutteredpropositionnotonlybydecodingthemeaningofthesentenceasdictatedbythelexiconandgrammaroftheparticularlanguagesystembutalsobyfillinginwhatissaidwithpragmaticallyconveyedaspectssuchaslexicalandstructuraldisambiguationorreferenceassignmenttoindexicalterms(seeGrice1978),aswellasmeaningscommunicatedimplicitly(implicata,ormorecommonlythesedays,“implicatures”).
Additionally,humanabilitytofunctionwithincompletelyunderstoodrepresentationsappearstobeacognitive,andassuch,inthecontextofcommunication,alsoapragmaticuniversal.BeliefswhoseobjectisapartiallyunderstoodpropositionhavebeendiscussedbySperber(1985,1996,1997),whocallsthemsemi-propositionalrepresentationalbeliefs.Whentheyaretakenoutoftheirculturalcontext,theymayappearirrational.Andyettheirrationalityisrestoredwhenwefollowthedistinctionsbetweenfactualandrepresentational,andontheotherhand,propositionalandsemi-propositionalbeliefs.Forexample,“Redgiantsbecomewhitedwarfs”maybesuchasemi-propositionalbeliefwhenheldbyalaymanwhotrustsatextbookinastrophysicsinspiteofnotfullyunderstandingtheterms,andsobelievingthestatementwhile“puttingitinquotes,”sotospeak,storingitforfutureunderstanding.Thisbeliefisthenreflective,ascontrastedwithintuitiveorspontaneous,inthesensethatthepersonisawareofholdingit,andhe/sheholdsitinvirtueofholdingsomesecond-orderbeliefaboutthisbelief.Suchbeliefstendtobepopularrepresentationsofscientificrepresentationsofrealityandareakindofmetarepresentation(Sperber2000).Sperberclaimsthatmetarepresentingisanimportantevolutionaryachievement;itfostersunderstanding,cooperation,andcommunication.Usedincommunication,itbecomesastrongcandidateforapragmaticuniversal.
EssayWriting(60分)
Directions:Writenolessthan800wordsonthefollowingtopicontheAnswerSheet.
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JackMa,founderofAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd,saidtechnologiessuchasChatGPThavebroughtchallengestoeducationandChatGPTisonlythebeginningoftheAIera.
InwhatwayscanChatGPTchangetheEnglishstudyincollege,inyouropinion?
PartIITranslation(50分)
English-ChineseTranslation(25分)
Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.
Globalizationisverymuchinthenewstoday.Numerouscompanieshaveengagedaggressivelyininternationalization,propelledbytheconvictionthatthisisanirreversiblemarkettrend.
Globalizationnormallymeansadecouplingofspaceandtime,emphasizingthatwithinstantaneouscommunication,knowledgeandculturecanbesharedaroundtheworldsimultaneously.
But,fromtheperspectiveofinternationalbusiness,globalizationreferstoaprimarilyeconomicphenomenon,involvingtheincreasinginteractionorintegrationofnationaleconomicsystemsthroughthegrowthininternationaltrade,investmentandcapitalflows.
Withoutdoubt,globalizationisacapitalistprocessandtherapidincreaseincross-bordereconomic,social,technologicalexchangeunderconditionsofcapitalism.
Globalizationis,however,notaspeedyprocess,despitetherapidincreasesinglobalcapitalandtradeflows.Nevertheless,globalizationhasgivenrisetopermanentchangesinthemarketsaffected.Besides,globalizationbringslotsofopportunitiesforeconomicexpansion.Itisatrendofdevelopmentofinternationalbusiness.Realizingthisishelpfulforustoconductinternationaltrade.Today,thecorporationsintheworldtrademarketarecompetingwithothercorporationsfromacrosstheworld.Sotheyareseekingglobalprofits.
Globalizationisoftencitedasafactoracceleratingcompetitivepressure.Ithasalsobeenstudiedatlengthfromtheinterculturalrelationsandorganizationalangle.Strangelyenough,however,fewauthorshavefocuseduponitsstrategicimplications.Thewaytorecognizethestakesofglobalizationcanleadcompaniestocompletelyrethinktheirstrategy.Theyalsoexplainhowmanagerscanhelpthecompanyfindthemostpromisingpath.
Globalizationreferstotheshifttowardamoreintegratedandinterdependentworldeconomy.Globalizationhastwomaincomponents:theglobalizationofmarketsandtheglobalizationofproduction.
Theglobalizationofmarketsreferstotheextenttowhichamarketischaracterizedbybroadlysimilarcustomerneed,globalcustomersandglobalmarketsegments.Inotherwords,theglobalizationofmarketsreferstothefactthatinmanyindustrieshistoricallydistinctandseparatenationalmarketsaremergingintoonehugeglobalmarketplace.
Chinese-EnglishTranslation(25分)
Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.
也许，在所有对我们今天的知识做出贡献的古代文明中，没有一个比古中国贡献更大。起源于中国的发明不仅数量惊人，其多样性也是不可思议的。这些发明范围广泛，从墨镜(由烟晶(smokyquartz)制成，法官们戴着它来隐藏他们在法庭上宣读证据时的反应，而不是为了防止强烈阳光的照射)到火药(其发现纯属偶然，一个炼金术士(alchemist)寻找长生之术，结果却炸毁了房子!)。中国军方很快就意识到这种能炸毁炼金术士房屋的物质的潜力，大约公元900年他们发明了火焰喷射器和炸弹，可以通过弹射器(catapult)向敌人发射。到了12世纪，他们已经将这些早期的武器改进成类似真枪的东西。这些武器的早期图片可以在四川省的洞穴壁画中找到，根据洞穴墙壁上的铭文，图片绘制于公元1128年。
以上是天任考研小编为大家带来的“广东财经大学2024考研真题：804-英语写作与翻译”，更多院校考研专业课真题分享，敬请关注天任教育非统考专业课栏目。
