所谓看书几遍，不如真题一遍。真题虽然年年变，但从实际来看，大家会发现往年考过的知识点还是会不断的重复出题。为什么说真题重要?因为真题反映的是命题人的思想!作为考生与命题人交流的唯一资料和途径就是真题。所以读题要读命题人的思想，读懂了命题人的思想，就能赢得考试。因此，天任考研小编为大家整理了“广东财经大学2024考研真题：613-英语水平考试(自命题)”相关内容，希望给同学们的专业课备考提供帮助!
广东财经大学2024考研真题：613-英语水平考试(自命题)
PartIMultipleChoice(30分，每题1分，共30题)
Directions:ChoosefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDtheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
1.InowrealizeIcouldhaveappliedtothoseNSFprograms,butIdidnoteven______oftheirexistence,andnoonebotheredtotellmeaboutthem.
A.speculateB.conceiveC.ponderD.reckon
2.ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe______fromfalltowinter.
A.transmissionB.transformationC.transitionD.transfer
3.WewillhelptopromotethefifthNationalPrescriptionDrugTakeBackDayonSeptember29whencitizenscan______theirunwantedandexpiredmedicinesinasafeandresponsiblemanner.
A.turndownB.turnupC.turnoutD.turnin
4.Ournewkeyboardswitheasy-switchBluetoothtechnologywillbe______withthenewiPad,andwithcompactdesignsandsleeklooksthey'llmakeagreatfitaswell.
A.comparableB.comparativeC.compatibleD.harmonious
5.IwassointernallytwistedwithragethatasIdrovehomeIexperienceda(n)______tojerkthewheelintooncomingtraffic,justtomakeitallstop.
A.impulseB.instinctC.stimulationD.surge
6.OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing______.
A.laidoutB.laidoffC.laiddownD.laidaside
7.Amongallthepublicholidays,NationalDayseemstobethemostjoyfultothepeopleofthecountry;onthatdaythewholecountryis______inafestivalatmosphere.
A.trappedB.sunkC.soakedD.immersed
8.Encouragedbytheirculturetovoicetheiropinionsfreely,theCanadiansarenotafraidtogoagainstthegroup______,andwillarguetheirviewpointsenthusiastically,evenaggressivelysometimes.
A.consentB.conscienceC.consensusD.consciousness
9.ApureAlfredHitchcockcloudofmistsettledoverthecourse.Asthemorning______,theairbecamebittercoldandthefoggrewthicker.
A.woreonB.woreawayC.woreoffD.woreout
10.Tofindamate,themaleruffedgrousestandsonahollowlogandbeatshiswings,makingadrummingsound.Thehollowlog______thesoundsothatitcanbeheardforuptoaquarterofamile.
A.intensifiesB.amplifiesC.enlargesD.reinforces
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11.Frommyreadingsofcommentatorsofmanycenturies,civilizationhasalwaysbeenonthe______ofself-destruction.
A.marginB.borderC.vergeD.fringe
12.FacedwithastarvingarmyandtheapproachingRussianwinter,Napoleonbeata(n)______retreatfromburned-outMoscow.
A.emergencyB.hastyC.immediateD.urgent
13.LocatedinWashingtonD.C.,theLibraryofCongresscontainsanimpressive______ofbooksoneveryconceivablesubject.
A.flockB.configurationC.arrayD.pile
14.Somecafésofferlivemusicfromresidentbandsorguestsingers,andyoucan______theeveningwithdiscodancinginthenightclub.
A.roundaboutB.roundoffC.roundonD.roundup
15.The______murderhasbeenthesubjectofthreebooks,dozensofmagazinefeaturesandhundredsofnewspaperarticles.
A.sensibleB.sensitiveC.sentimentalD.sensational
16.Governmentstodayplayanincreasinglylargerroleinthe______ofwelfare,economics,andeducation.
A.scopesB.rangesC.ranksD.domains
17.Programsbringingvariousformsofculturalexpressionstothepeopleofanation______thebarriersofrace,gender,andethnicityweconstructtodivideourselves.
A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.exceed
18.Insomeremoteplacestherearestillverypoorpeoplewhocan'taffordtolivein______conditions.
A.graciousB.decentC.honorableD.positive
19.______racismandsexism,theterm"speciesism"isaprejudiceorattitudeofbiasinfavoroftheinterestsofmembersofone'sownspeciesandagainstthoseofmembersofotherspecies.
A.ByanalogywithB.ByvirtueofC.InlinewithD.Intermsof
20.Migrants'attractiontolargerindustrialcitiesheightenedthedifficultiestheyfaced.IncitieslikeChicagoandPhiladelphia,therewascomparativelylittle______landleftfordevelopmentinsidethecitylimits.
A.voidB.vacantC.blankD.shallow
21.Amongschool-goingyouththisdiseaseusually______itselfaspainfulafflictionssuchasheadaches,backaches,soreeyes,dizziness,cramps,andcrazinessthatpreventonefromattendingclass,studying,reading,andtakingexams.
A.expressesB.manifestsC.reflectsD.displays
22.Variouseffortshavebeenmadeoverthecenturiestopredictearthquakes,includingobservinglightsintheskyand______animalbehavior.
A.abnormalB.exoticC.absurdD.erroneous
23.TheInternethasopenedupsomanychoicestousthatwecanfeel______withmakingdecisions.
A.overflowedB.overthrownC.overwhelmedD.overturned
24.AsiansraisedinAsiancountriesexperiencethemselvesasthemajorityandseeAsianfacesportrayedintheirmainstreammediaallthetime.______,Asian-Americanssufferfromalackofrepresentationandcarryasharedhistoryofdiscriminationandprejudice.
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A.IncontrastB.OnthecontraryC.IncomparisonD.Bycomparison
25.InSpain,thoselowerborrowingcostssparkedahousing______muchlikethebuyingandbuildingfrenzyunleashedbylowratesintheUnitedStates.
A.boostB.boomC.riseD.explosion
26.Dracopeeredathimintently,andHarryfelttheman'seyes______onthescaronhisforehead.
A.resideB.dwellC.lingerD.hang
27.Thebankisofferinga(n)______toanyonewhocangiveinformationabouttherobbery.
A.rewardB.bonusC.prizeD.award
28.AccurateestimatesoftheoverallcostsofcomputermisuseintheUKarehardto______,butvariousrecentfiguresputtheannualcostatsomewherebetween£400mand£2bn.
A.comebyB.comeaboutC.comeforD.comeoff
29.Ageneroushandfuloffreshstrawberrieswillprovideyourdaily______ofvitaminC,alongwithmanganeseandadozenothernutrients.
A.ratioB.quotaC.allocationD.portion
30.Mostweathereventsdon'toccur______.Awholeindustryhasbeenbuiltaroundbeingabletopredictwhatpathacertainstormwilltakeandhowandwhenitwillaffectmostofus.
A.simultaneouslyB.autonomouslyC.spontaneouslyD.naturally
PartIIProofreadingandErrorCorrection(30分，每题2分，共15题)
Directions:ThefollowingtwopassagescontainFIFTEENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassagesandcorrecttheminthefollowingway.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
Foramissingword,
Foranunnecessaryword,
Forawrongword,
writeintheblankthewordyoubelievetobemissingtogetherwiththewordnexttoit.
writeintheblankthewordyoubelievetobeunnecessaryandcrossitoutwithaslash“/”.
writeintheblankthewordyoubelievetobewrongandprovidethecorrectword.
Example:
When∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit,itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangsthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit.
(1)art→anart
(2)never→never
(3)exhibition→exhibit
PassageA
Culturereferstothesocialheritageofapeople—thelearnedpatternsforthinking,feelingandactingthatcharacterizeapopulationorsociety,includetheexpressionofthesepatternsinmaterialthings.Cultureiscomposedofnonmaterialculture,abstractcreationslikevalues,beliefs,customsandinstitutionalarrangements,andmaterialculture,physicalobjectlikecooking
1.__________
2.__________
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pots,computersandbathtubs.Insum,culturereflectsboththeideasweshareoreverythingwemake.Inordinaryspeech,apersonofcultureistheindividualcanspeakanotherlanguage,thepersonwhoisunfamiliarwiththearts,music,literature,philosophy,orhistory.Buttosociologists,tobehumanistobecultured,becauseofcultureisthecommonworldofexperiencewesharewithothermembersofourgroup.Cultureisessentialtoourhumanness.Itprovidesakindofmapforrelatingtoothers.Considerhowyoufeelyourwayaboutsociallife.Howdoyouknowhowtoactinaclassroom,oradepartmentstore,ortowardapersonwhosmilesorlaughatyou?Yourculturesuppliesyoubybroad,standardized,ready-madeanswersfordealingwitheachofthesesituations.Therefore,ifweknowaperson'sculture,wecanunderstandandevenpredictagooddealofhisbehavior.
3.__________
4.__________
5.__________
6.__________
7.__________
8.__________
PassageB
Speech,theactofutteringsoundstoconveymeaning,isakindofhumanaction.Likeanyotherconstantlyrepeatedaction,speakinghastobelearned,butonceitislearned,itbecomesgenerallyunconsciousandapparentlyautomaticprocess.
Asfaraswecandetermine,humanbeingsdonotneedtobeforcedtospeak:mostbabiesseemtopossessasortofinstinctivedrivetoproducespeechlikenoises.Howtospeakandwhattosayaretogetheranothermatter.Theseactionsarelearnedfromthespecialsocietyintowhichthebabyisborn,sothat,likeallconductthatislearnedfromasociety---fromthepeoplearoundus,speechisapatternedactivity.
Themeanderingbabbleandchatterofayoungchildareeventuallychanneledbytheimitationintoafeworderlygroovesthatrepresentthepatternacceptedasmeaningfulbythepeoplearoundhim.Similarly,achild'sindiscriminatepracticeofputtingthingsintohismouthbecomeslimitedtoputfoodintohismouthinacertainway.
Thesoundsthatachildcanmakearemorevariedandnumerousthanthatanyparticularlanguageutilizes.However,achildbornintoasocietywithapatternoflanguageisencouragedtomakealittleselectionofsoundsandtomakethesefewsoundsoverandoveragainuntilitisnaturalforhimtomakethesesoundsandnoothers.
9.__________
10.__________
11.__________
12.__________
13.__________
14.__________
15.__________
PartIIISentenceCompletion(30分，每题2分，共15题)
Directions:Fillintheblankineachsentencewithanappropriateformofthewordgiveninthebracketaccordingtothemeaningofthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
Example:AllthestructuresandsystemstheIbetoGrouphaslaboriously(labor)builtovertheyearsarerapidlycrumbling.
1.Don'tcopynaturetoomuch.Artisan______(abstract).
2.Thindrizzle______(damp)thepavement,whichgleamedinreflectionoftheoil-lampswithin.
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3.Motherscaringfortheirchildrenontheirownmayneedtofindoutsideemployment,andthestrainofthedualrolemayresultina______(chaos)lifestylewherethechildrengetlessattention,householdchoresremainundoneandmealtimesandbedtimesbecomeirregular.
4.Acaringandjustsocietymustdependonpublicandprivateprovisionand,inthewordsofJohnPatten,“athirdforce”,______(name)theactivecitizen.
5.DonaldTrumpwassuspectedofbeingdirectlyinvolvedinboth______(false)recordsandarrangingthepaymentsinanefforttobenefithiselectionprospects.
6.Itsoundsalittle______(pretend),butit’strue.
7.SriLanka'steemingwildlife,includingleopards,elephants,andavarietyofbirdspecies,addsanextralayerof______(enchant)toitsnaturalwonders.
8.MyfavouritedishofthenightwasCheesySpicyStirFriedPorkRice,aricedishtoppedwithcheese,porkandonions.Iwasblownawaybyhowdeliciousthis______(seem)simpledishwas.
9.Someparentsfelt______(hesitate)aboutgettingtheirkidsvaccinatedforCOVID-19.
10.Atherapist’sroleistohelppeoplecomprehendand______(empathy)withothersaswellastoexploretheirownfeelings.
11.Thisgrowingdesireamongtravellerstoexplorelesser-knowndestinationsreflectsa______(yearn)foruniqueexperiencesandabreakfromconventionaltouristspots.
12.Languagelessonsarepartoftheirpost-Brexitvisarequirements,andHeidiis______(justify)proudthatshepassedtherequiredtestafter100hoursoflessons.
13.Letterstotheeditoraresubjecttoeditingfor______(brief)andclarity.Limitlettersto200wordsandallow30daysbetweensubmissions.
14.Allenhasfoundhimself______(alien)fromcolleagues,companies,andevenfanswhoformerlyflockedtohisfilms.
15.Highertaxescandiminish______(dispose)income,leavingconsumerswithlessmoneyforessentialneedsandsavings.
PartIVReadingComprehension
SectionA:MultipleChoiceQuestions(50分，每题2分，共25题)
Directions:Inthissectiontherearesixpassagesfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone'sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itis
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nowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.
Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistory,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethodthathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.
Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.
(447words)
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyverypopulareventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod.
B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians.
C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.
D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual’sbehaviorandattitudesismoreinformativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife.
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemethodsusedbypsychohistoriansprobablypreventthemfrom________.
A.presentingtheirmaterialinchronologicalorder
B.producingaone-sidedpictureofanindividual'spersonalityandmotivations
C.uncoveringalternativeexplanationsthatmightcausethemtoquestiontheirownconclusions
D.offeringaconsistentinterpretationoftheimpactofpersonalityonhistoricalevents
3.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?
A.Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthannarrativeform.
B.Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars.
C.Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicschema.
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D.Eventsintheadultlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure.
4.Thispassagesuggeststhatpsychohistoriansviewhistoryprimarilyas________.
A.areportofevents,causes,andeffectsthatisgenerallyacceptedbyhistoriansbutwhichis,forthemostpart,unverifiable
B.anepisodicaccountthatlackscohesionbecauserecordsoftheroleofchildhood,work,andleisureinthelivesofhistoricalfiguresarerare
C.anunchartedseaofseeminglyunexplainableeventsthathavemeaningonlywhenexaminedasdiscreteunits
D.arecordofthewayinwhichaclosedsetofimmutablepsychologicallawsseemstohaveshapedevents
5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspsychohistory?
A.Critical.B.Approving.C.Sarcastic.D.Wavering.
PassageTwo
DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay,“Denmarkisagreatcountry.”You'resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.
Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife'sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprogrammes,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycentrehearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs—thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMrandMrs.It'sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew—andnonuclearpowerplants.It'sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.
Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,“Denmarkisoneoftheworld'scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,
withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”So,ofcourse,one'sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings(“ForeignersOutofDenmark!”),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.
Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,aniceclearline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit's2a.m.andthere'snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon'tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople—that'showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefree-spiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-
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speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.
Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn'tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.
ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledto,you’reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakeitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.
(679words)
6.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadopta________attitudetowardstheircountry.
A.boastfulB.modestC.deprecatingD.mysterious
7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?
A.Fondnessofforeignculture.B.Equalityinsociety.
C.Linguistictolerance.D.Persistentplanning.
8.Whatistheauthor'sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustry?
A.Disapproving.B.Approving.C.Noncommittal.D.Doubtful.
9.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness________.
A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermansandSwedes
B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeoples
C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry
D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles
10.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.
A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits
B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem
C.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryover
D.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment.
PassageThree
AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica.Andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Anyonewhohasreachedacertainage—insomecasesaslowas55—isautomaticallyentitledtoadazzlingarrayofpricereductionsatnearlyeverylevelofcommerciallife.Eligibilityisdeterminednotbyone'sneedbutbythedateonone'sbirthcertificate.Practicallyunheardofagenerationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—ascommonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners.
Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent.Businessesthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat“elderly”and“needy”aresynonymous.Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren't.
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Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercasesthediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritantinwhatsomepoliticiansandscholarsseeasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.
GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,whichmostlyinvolvesatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanothersorepoint.Buoyedbylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers.
Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaformidableeconomicprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon'tneedthem.Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan'ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment;andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—discriminationbyage.
(434words)
11.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.
A.offeringseniorcitizensdiscountshasbecomeroutinecommercialpractice
B.seniorcitizendiscountshaveenabledmanyoldpeopletoliveadecentlife
C.givingseniorcitizensdiscountshasboostedthemarketfortheelderly
D.seniorcitizenshavetoshowtheirbirthcertificatestogetadiscount
12.Whatassumptionliesbehindthepracticeofseniorcitizendiscounts?
A.Businesses,havingmadealotofprofits,shoulddosomethingforsocietyinreturn.
B.Oldpeopleareentitledtospecialtreatmentforthecontributiontheymadetosociety.
C.Theelderly,beingfinanciallyunderprivileged,needhumanehelpfromsociety.
D.SeniorcitizendiscountscanmakeupfortheinadequacyoftheSocialSecuritysystem.
13.Accordingtosomepoliticiansandscholars,seniorcitizendiscountswill________.
A.makeoldpeopleevenmoredependentonsociety
B.intensifyconflictsbetweentheyoungandtheold
C.haveadversefinancialimpactonbusinesscompanies
D.bringamarkedincreaseinthecompanies'revenues
14.HowdoestheauthorviewtheSocialSecuritysystem?
A.Itencourageselderlypeopletoretireintime.
B.Itopensupbroadcareerprospectsforyoungpeople.
C.Itbenefitstheoldattheexpenseoftheyoung.
D.Itshouldbereinforcedbylawsandcourtdecisions.
15.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'smainargument?
A.Seniorcitizensshouldfighthardagainstagediscrimination.
B.Theelderlyareselfishandtakingseniordiscountsforgranted.
C.Priorityshouldbegiventotheeconomicneedsofseniorcitizens.
D.Seniorcitizendiscountsmaywellbeatypeofagediscrimination.
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PassageFour
Whenpeoplecometoworkeachday,theydon'tleavetheirinsecurities,personalproblemsandpersonalityquirksathome.Theycomemarchingrightintotheofficewiththem.Andthat'swhytherearesomanyannoyingpeopleinyourworkplace.Youcan'tchangethem—justastheycan'tchangeyou.Anditdoesn'tdomuchgoodtoembarrassthem,beratethemorseekrevengewhenthey'vemistreatedyou.Thisisamatterofstrategy.
Take,forexample,peoplewithexaggeratedopinionsofthemselves.Everworkwithoneofthem?Haughtyandsnooty,theseintellectualsnobsactasthoughthey'redoingyouafavortobewiththem,saysMurielSolomon,authorofWorkingwithDifficultPeople.Theseso-called“condescenders”arequicktograspproblemsandfasterthanyouatseeingsolutions.Oncetheypermityoutojointhediscussion,theyignoreyourideasandzapyouwithput-downs.
Youcan'tchangethem,butwhetherit'sabossoracolleague,youdon'thavetoputupwiththerudebehavioreither.Thefirststep,shesays,isbelievingyoudeserverespect.Youwon'tgetituntilyouexpectit.Justasthispersoniscleverandconceited,youcanbecleverandconsiderate.Ifthispersonisyourboss,bereadywithfactsthatyou'vetriple-checked.Acknowledgethatheisthebossandwhenyouspeak,movequicklyandconfidentlyandkeephiminformed.Hiscondescendingremarkswilldiminishinproportiontotheamountofincreasedrespectyouearn.
Youalsomayhaverunintothe“left-handedcomplimenter”whostartsoffaconversationpraisingyouandendswithaqualifyingput-down.Forinstance:“Thatwasagreatreport.Whycan'tyoudothatkindofworkallthetime?”Don'treacttothebarbthepersonjustthrew.Dividetheremarkandonlyacceptthepraise:“I'mgladyoulikemyreport.Iworkedhardonit,asIdoonallmyprojects.”Youdon'thavetotakeanytypeofinsultingorcondescendingbehaviorfromanyone.Thecatchisnottoblowyourstack.
Ifyou'reamanager,you'vegotsomepersonalitiestocontendwithaswell.Forexample,whataboutemployeeswhoaresoinsecurethattheybelievethatwhatevergoeswrongistheirfault?This“self-berater”constantlylooksforreassurance,saysSolomon.“Theydramatizehowbadthey'redoingsoyouwillcontradictthem.Theyclaimblameforwhateverwentamisshopingyou'llgrantthemabsolution.Theirwaytoavoidbeinghurtbyothersistoinflicthurtonthemselvesbeforeanyoneelsecan.”Youmayfeeltemptedtoreassurethemoverandoverthatthey'redoingagreatjob.Butwhenyoucomplimentthem,theyprobablycan'tacceptitgraciously.Plus,youstunttheirgrowthifyoupaytheiremotionalblackmail,Solomonsays.Getstrategicandhelpself-beratersbecomemoreemotionallymature.Shesuggests:
Continuegivingthemassignmentstheydowell.Allowthemtoexperiencealotoflittlesuccesstobolstertheirself-confidence.
Getthemtotalkaboutwhat'smakingthemanxious.Forinstance,you'veaskedtodosomethingandtheysay,“Idon'tknowifIcan.”Youcanreplywith,“Iknowyoucan,sosupposeyoutellmewhatyou'rereallyconcernedabout.”
Explainthecostofbeggingforreassurance.If,afteryou'vegivenacompliment,thepersonsays,“Youdon'treallymeanit,doyou?”youcansay,“Idon'tsaythingsIdon'tmeanandIfinditupsettingwhensomeonedoubtsmywords.”
Therearedozensofdifficultpersonalitiesyou'llfaceatwork.Don'ttakeitpersonally.They'renotconcernedaboutyou.They'retoobusyworkingabouttheirownproblems.Focusonnotgettingsuckedinandthenfigureouthowtoturnthe
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situationaround.
(630words)
16.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Peoplehandletheirpersonalproblemsathome.
B.Peoplewhoarearrogantoftenhaveexaggeratedopinionsofthemselves.
C.Youcan'tchangethe“condescenders”,soyoushouldtoleratetheirrudebehavior.
D.Ifotherpeoplearecleverandconceited,youshouldbeverymodest.
17.Whichofthefollowingmightbeutteredbya“left-handedcomplimenter”?
A.Howbeautifulyouaretoday!
B.It'samess.Can'tyoucomeupwithasatisfyingproposal?
C.It'sfarfromperfect.Butanyhow,youhavedoneagoodjobthistime.
D.Howspecialyourdressis!Whynotchangeanotherhandbag?Itdoesn'tmatch!
18.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5?
A.Asamanager,you'dbetterblameemployeesforwhateverwentamiss.
B.Asamanager,youshouldcomplimenttheemployeesinsteadofblamingthem,whichdoesgoodtoemployees'growth.
C.Asamanager,youshouldstopreassuringtheemployeesoverandoverthatthey'redoingagreatjob,forwhatyoudodoesharmtoemployees'growth.
D.Theemployeesarenotnecessarytoblamethemselvesforwhateverwentamiss.
19.Forsuggestionstohelpself-beraters,allareacceptableEXCEPT________.
A.earningrespectasmuchaspossible
B.strengtheningtheirconfidencebygivingthemassignmentstheydowell
C.figuringoutwhatmakesthemanxious
D.informingtheconsequenceofbeggingforreassurancewhentheydoubtthecompliment
20.What'sthepurposeofthispassage?
A.Justforfun.
B.Tohelpself-beratersbecomemoreemotionallymature.
C.Totellushowtobeasuccessfulbossormanager.
D.Totellushowtogetalongwithothers.
PassageFive
Outthestreetatlast,themanstoppedrunningandlookedbackatthestepsofthegallery.Thewomanwasnotfollowinghim.Allthesame,hewentacrosstowherethecarwasparked.Butastherewasstillnosignofherhedidn'tdriveaway.Hiswifewouldbealongshortly—shewasonlypickingupoddsandendsforthekidsatsomeshoparoundthecornerwheretherewasaclosing-downsale.Whatafoolhewastohavegoneintothecursedgallery.Justbecausehehadfoundaparkingplaceoppositeit!Ifhe'dboughtaneveningpaperandwaitedforAnnieinthecarhe'dhavesavedhimselfanastyfright,becausenowhefeltcertainthatthecrazywomancouldnothavebeenEterna.Notinthoseoutlandishclothes!Notwiththatdaftlookinhereyesasshestrayedfrompaintingtopainting,causingeveryonetostare.
IfitwasEterna,wouldn'thehavenoticedhertheminutehewentintotheplace,insteadofmerelyturningtoseewhyotherpeoplewerestaring?Eventhen,hewouldn’thavegiventhepoorsoulasecondglanceifhehadn'tfanciedaresemblance.Butwhenhefoundhereyesfixedonhimhelosthisheadandran,althoughhewasvaguelyaware,eventhen,thatherdaftgazehadalreadywanderedawayfromhim.Thatwasanotherthing.IfitwasEterna,wouldn'tshehaverecognizedhim?
Itwasmortifyingtothinkthathehadlostcontroltosuchanextentthatheran.Supposingoneofhispatientshadbeenthereandseenhim.Itwasunlikely,though,
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thatanyoneupfromthecountryforaprecioushalfdayinDublinwouldwastetimeintheNationalGallery.Herelaxed.HelitacigaretteandsettleddowntowaitforAnnie.
Whyhadhegoneintothegalleryatall?Hehadprobablyfallenintoanostalgicmood,thinkingofalltheexhibitionshe'dattendedtherebeforehewasqualifiedandwhenhestillentertainednotionsofapracticeinDublin.Inthosedays,goingtoartexhibitions,symphonyconcerts,operas,andthatsortofthingseemedasimportantforhisadvancementasgoingtohislectures.Ah,well,he’dbetternottellAnnieabouthislittleadventure.Notthatshe'dgiveadamnwhetheritwasEternaornot—she'dbeconcernedonlyathishavinggoneintothegalleryatall,athisbackslidingintointellectualsnobbery,orwhatshecalledprofessionalposturing.“Tommyrot”wasthewordshehadactuallyusedthefirsttimehemether,orratherthefirsttimetheyhadwhatcouldbeconsideredarealconversation.
(455words)
21.Whatprobablymadethemanentertheartgallery?
A.Hehadnowhereelsetowaitforhiswife.
B.Memoriesofhispastvisitstogalleries.
C.Hehadarrangedtomeetsomeoneinsidethegallery.
D.Ahopetoseeaparticularexhibitionofpaintings.
22.Whydidn’tthemanwanttotellhiswifethathehadgoneintothegallery?
A.Becausehiswifewoulddisapproveofhisvisitinganartgallery.
B.Becausehiswifewouldbejealousthathehadmetawomanfriendthere.
C.Becausehiswifewouldcomplainthathehadgonetherewithouther.
D.Becausehiswifewouldbeannoyedthathehadnotwaitedinthecar.
PassageSix
TherehavebeenseveraltermsappliedtotheNetgeneration—GenerationZ,theDreamerGeneration,GenerationWisdom,orGenerationI.Alloftheseareeitherneutral/descriptiveormildlycomplimentary.However,thereisonemorethathasnotachievedthesamedegreeofvisibility,yetformeasaprofessorofpsychologywhohastaughtrisinggenerationsforfortyyears,itmustbeattendedtoandtakenseriously.Thisisatermfirstusedbyplaywrightandten-timeObiewinnerRichardForeman.HecalledtheNet-genersbyalesssalutaryname—Pancakepeople.
Foremanhitsuponsomethingthatweinacademiabegantoseeamongcollegestudentswithinthepastdecadeorso.Whenaskedtomemorizepoems,somehavesaid,“Why?IcanfinditinasecondonGoogle.”Whenaskedtowritepapersonaparticulartopic,aclassof20studentswillprovideslightlydifferentvariationsonworkbasedupontheexactsamesetofreferencesandsources.Thereason?Iftheyallsearchthewebusingthesamesearchengineandthesamesearchterms,theywillcomeupwiththesamelistofcitations.Whatthisallmeansismuchofwhatusedtobestoredinsidepeople’smindsisnowstoredoutside.Whatiskeptinsideistheawarenessofwherethingsare,notthethingsorideasthemselves.Hence,wehaveForemandescribingNet-genersaspancakepeople—abletocoverandhaveaccesstoenormousrangesofinformationyethavingminimaldepthofknowledgewithin.
Personally,andasascholar,Iliketheaccessandtheenormityofrangeofknowledgeaffordedbytheinternet.Noothergenerationhashadthiscapacity.But,thereisaproblem—notasmalloneeither.Whatismissingaretwothings.First,thereistheaccidentaldiscoveryofsomethingnotdirectlysoughtafter,yetconceptuallynearby.Mostpeopleolderthanthirtywillremembergoingintolibrarystackslookingforaspecificbookandthenfindingsimilarorrelatedworksonthesameshelfandfindingthemevenmorevaluablethantheoriginallysoughtvolume.
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Theseaccidentaldiscoveriesmadeforgreaterinter-studentoriginalityandcreativity,somethingthatthenetsearchesdonotafford—andthisisbad.
Thesecondthingthatismissingwhenknowledgeisstoredoutsideofone’sownmindisthecapacitytomakeconnections—originalconnections,impulsiveconnections,bizarreconnections,unanticipatedconnections,Eurekamoments,insights,parallels—thethingsthatbrilliance,progressandcreativityaremadeof.Thesearchengineswouldnothaverealized,asdidSirAlexanderFleming,thatthepenicilliummoldformingonsomeaccidentallyspilledryebreadcrumbsandpreventingstaphylococcusbacteriafromgrowinginhisPetriedishcouldheraldthediscoveryofthelife-savingantibiotic,penicillin.AllthebitsofknowledgeneededtobepresentinFleming’smindatthesametime.
“Fortunefavorsthepreparedmind”andinmyexperiencethisisdeeplytrue.Thekey,ofcourse,isthedefinitionofthepreparedmind.Ifapancakeisthecurrentstateofthepreparedmind,IfearthatfortunewillnotfavorthePancakePeopleforthesoiloffertilethinkingisnotrichenoughinthosewhoarespreadsothin.Iproposethatweseekadifferentmetaphorand,bysodoing,conceiveofadifferentwayofintegratingtheamazingandwonderfulbreadthgiventousbythevastknowledgeontheinternet,withtheneedforinternalizingatleastsomefactsandideas.Metaphorically,Iproposethatratherthansettlingforpancakeness,wesetasourgoal,theachievementofmuffindom.Muffindom—thestateofhavingaverybroadtop,butwithasignificantandfoundationalareaofdepthbeneathatleastpartofit.
Tobesureweneedthemuffintop—weneedtoknowwhereallthatexternallystoredinformationis,butweneedthatcakeypart—wemustpackasmuchinformationaspossibleintoourheadsaswell.Ifwedon’tstorethingsinsideus,notonlywillourmindsandselvesbepancakes,asForemanwarned,butthecreativitywillbedrainedfromourlivesandfromourculture.
(691words)
23.Theterm“PancakePeople”conveyssomething________.
A.neutralB.complimentaryC.negativeD.descriptive
24.InParagraph2,“whatusedtobestoredinsidepeople’smindsisnowstoredoutside”meansthat______.
A.pancakepeoplehavemoreinsights
B.pancakepeoplehavelittleinsights
C.theinternethasmoreinformationthanever
D.theinternetcanstorepeople’sminds
25.Themetaphorof“muffin”isusedbytheauthortostress________.
A.contentofknowledgeB.scopeofknowledge
C.depthofknowledgeD.useofknowledge
SectionB:ShortAnswerQuestions(10分，每题5分，共2题)
Directions:InthissectiontherearetwoquestionsbasedonPassageFiveandPassageSixinSectionA.AnswereachquestionbrieflyontheAnswerSheet.
PassageFive
1.Basedonthedetailsgiveninthepassage,whatcanyouinferabouttheman’sprofession,pastexperience,andcurrentfamilylife?
PassageSix
2.WhatismissinginNet-genersaccordingtotheauthor?
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