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2017年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案【最新完整版】
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In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.
The high courts decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnells trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his official acts, or the former governors decisions on specific and unsettled issues related to his duties.
Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is distasteful and nasty. But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an official act.
The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery. The basic compact underlying representative government, wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.
But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leaders source of wealth.
Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.
The courts ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.
36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court
[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnells duties.
[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.
[C] was contemptuous of McDonnells conduct.
[D] refused to comment on McDonnells ethics.
【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnells conduct.
37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves
[A] leaking secrets intentionally.
[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.
[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.
[D] breaking contracts officially.
【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.
38. The courts ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are
[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.
[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.
[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.
[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.
【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.
39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to
[A] awaken the conscience of officials.
[B] guarantee fair play in official access.
[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.
[D] inspire hopes in average people.
【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access.
40. The authors attitude toward the courts ruling is
[A] sarcastic.
[B] tolerant.
[C] skeptical.
[D] supportive
【答案】[D] supportive
外交学专业考研就业前景
中国的未来是一个在外交领域不断壮大的未来，伴随着中国国际地位的不断提高，中国需要处理的对外事物越来越多，也越来越复杂，因而中国也越来越需要精通国际知识的复合型专门人才。
在当今世界和平与发展为世界主流，但也存在一些纷争，外交学专业的毕业生可谓是时代急需。但我们国家研究国际政治和外交的人都在北京等中心城市，需求量不是很大，对个人能力要求非常高，能做的了这个工作的学生基本都在外交学院、人民大学、国际关系学院等少数几个学校，所以要想在这个专业上有所成就还不错选择那些有一定实力的院校，这样就业就比较容易。
