考研英语真题中无处不在的“变身术”
相信正在为考研努力的小可爱们对上面的这幅图片非常熟悉，对，就是你们童年的美好回忆，还记得剧中小魔仙们的变身咒语吗？来，和老师一起喊出来：
“巴啦啦能量-沙罗沙罗-小魔仙-全身变！”
有没有瞬间穿越回到童年？但是童年已经一去不复返了，我们要做的是珍惜当下，anyway, “Today is a gift. That is why it”s called the present.”今天就让老师带着大家看一看考研英语真题中的“变身术”，以及我们在做题的时候该如何攻克它。
2004年考研英语一Text 4考查了一个极为敏感的社会、伦理、法律问题:医助自杀话题。我们先来看看下面这个题目：
36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that
[ A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients ’pain
[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide
这是一道总括性的题,需要以文章中的多处信息为线索。做题目之前我们根据题文同序的大体原则回到原文中去，经过比较发现正确项[B]是对第二段第一句话前半部分内容”Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide”的改写，选项中“illegal”相当于文中的“no constitutional right”；而选项中的 “doctors to help the dying end their lives”其实就是对文中“physician-assisted suicide“的诠释。
Physician-Assisted Suicide，医助自杀，又称主动性安乐死，physician n. 医生，（尤指）内科医生，相当于doctor；assist v. 帮助，协助，相当于help; suicide n. 自杀；自杀者，对应文中的end their lives.所以我们看一下这个题目的答案同学们，这完全是出题人给我们展示了一整套“变身术“，这种方法几乎在每一年的考研题目中都会出现。如果我们能够识破这个常用的伎俩，那对提高我们的成绩可以达到事半功倍的效果。
我们再来看一下这篇文章第38题：
38.According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is ________.
[A] prolonged medical procedures
[B] inadequate treatment of pain
[C] systematic drug abuse
[D] insufficient hospital care
根据关键字NAS's report 和end-of-life care定位第七段第2句“It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.“比较四个选项我们发现[B] 选项中的”inadequate treatment“是对”undertreatment“ （处理不足）的同义替换；而[D]项中的“ insufficient”与“undertreatment”虽然意思相近，但是后面的”hospital care”与原文不符，所以排除掉。
2017年Text1 讲的是“机场安检耗时太久”问题，我们看一下24题：
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is___.
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.
[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.
[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.
这篇文章一共七段，在有限的时间内盲目寻找答案无异于大海捞针，像这样的事实细节题我们需要结合题干关键词“problem with Pre-Check program“定位至原文第六段，但是我们发现第六段也很长，无法精准定位。
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
但是快速浏览，我们会发现文章第三行出现了“flaw”（缺陷），它与题干中的“problem”是近义词，这个时候我们就好像在茫茫大海中看到了一页风帆，引领着我们快速找到答案。
其实problem除了与flaw是近义词之外，还有disadvantage，shortcoming，weakness
，weak point，fault，drawback，vulnerability，deficiency等。
所以，同学们，我们要注意什么呢？对，在备考过程中一定要注意总结、积累同义词、近义词、反义词，扩展词汇量，方能破解“变身术“。你学会了吗？
毕竟，There are no accidents.（一切都不是偶然。）不积跬步无以至千里。加油，考研er们！
