48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
所考知识点: 同位语,多重复合句;
句式结构分析: This alone demonstrates that…(宾语从句)
宾语从句:the television business is not an easy world to survive in(不定式做后置定语修饰名词world
同位语:a fact underlined by statistics(过去分词做后置定语修饰名词 fact)
定语从句:statistics that(关系代词) show that(宾语从句)…(that引导的定语从句修饰statistics)
宾语从句:out of eighty European television networks(介词结构做状语), no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.(主句)
知识点解析:主语代词this 指代上句内容,可理解为“这,此”。alone 用于名词或代词后起加强语气的作用,表示“仅仅”,所以This alone demonstrates …可理解为“仅这一点就可证明”。同位语结构a fact underlined by statistics中,a fact指代前面主语所描述的内容,过去分词underlined 体现被动语态,其原意为“这一事实被统计数字所证实”,翻译时应调整为主动语态,“统计数据所证实/凸显的这一事实”。修饰statistics 的定语从句过长,从句中还套嵌有宾语从句,所以翻译时不前置,单独成句会更加合适。
词义确定:
demonstrate v. 表明,证实;
underline v 强调,凸显,使突出;
out of: 从…中;在…中;
television business:电视行业
survive v.生存,幸存;
no less than:不少于,多达….
调序→译文: 这一点就足以证明,要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事,统计数字尤其说明了这一事实,在80家欧洲电视网中,多达一般在1989年亏损。
49)Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice
所考知识点:套嵌式定语从句
句式结构分析:
主句:Creating a “European identity” is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.
定语从句:“European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions(that引导定从修饰“European identity”)
套嵌定从:different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent(which引导定语从句 修饰different cultures and traditions)
知识点解析: 这种“俄罗斯套娃句式”需要采用分译法,以符合汉语表达,便于理解。难点在于如何从主句中拆分两个定语从句, 我们的原则是给从句匹配一个动词,所以切分点开始于that/which处,结束于关系代词后第二个动词前;接下来确定翻译方法:先译主句,在分述两个定从;显然第一个定从可以前置:“…的欧洲身份”第二个定从比较长的话,单独成句即可。
词义确定:
identity n.身份; identify v.识别,确认;
strategy n. 战略,策略; strategic a. 战略性的;
fabric n. 编织物,此处引申为“网络”connecting fabric 指联系网;
the Old Continent:特指发现北美新大陆之前的欧洲;
the New Continent: 特指美洲(北美洲)
调序→译文:
要创造一种尊重不同文化与传统的“欧洲身份”绝非易事,需要做出战略性选择,这些不同的文化与传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体。
50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”
知识点解析: 固定搭配,习语表达;
句式结构分析:
主句:In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say…
(it 为形式主语,to say是真正的主语)
并列分句:“United we stand, divided we fall”
知识点解析: on such a scale 修饰 challenge ,翻译时前置可理解为“如此规模的挑战”。United we stand, divided we fall是say的宾语,互为反义的两个词United与divided,主谓结构we stand与we fall为此两种情形所形成的结果,翻译时可以润色加上“将会,就会”对于stand和fall,结合句意可翻译为语义相反的一对反义词,如“成功,失败”或“兴衰”不要按照字面含义直译“站立与倒下”,这样才能体会出习语的概括性,前后的对仗,语义的正确。
词义确定:
英语习语:United we stand, divided we fall.是删减过的形式,最初源于肯尼迪所讲过的United ,there is little we cannot do; divided, there is little we can do. 大意为:团结,我们便无所不能;分裂,我们则一事无成,删改过的版本可理解为:团结,我们就会胜利;分裂,我们就会失败,或则很简洁的理解为:合则立,分则亡;
调序→译文:
在应付如此规模的挑战时,可以毫不夸张的说,“联合,我们就生存;分裂,我们就灭亡”