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24考研翻译硕士知识总结：诗歌赏析
切入角度：
(1)时代背景
(2)流派
(3)内容与主题
(4)形式：诗歌类型、构成、格律与韵脚、韵律、修辞手法、意象与象征
诗歌基本知识拓展：
诗歌类型(Epic,Ballad,Pastoral,Lyric,Ode,Satire,Elegy,Narrativepoem,Epigram)
构成(Blankverse,Couplet,terzarima,Quatrain,Sonnet,Limerick)
格律与韵脚：
格律——节奏模式+音步，
节奏模式——iambic(抑扬格)
anapestic(抑抑扬格)
trochaic(扬抑格)
dactylic(扬扬抑格)
音步——monometer(onefoot)dimeter(twofeet)
trimester(threefeet)tetrameter(fourfeet)
pentameter(fivefeet)hexameter(sixfeet)
heptameter(sevenfeet)octameter(eightfeet)
韵脚——诗节的押韵方式，如莎士比亚十四行诗(ababcdcdefefgg)
韵律(alliteration,assonance等)
修辞手法(Simile,Metaphor,Personification,Hyperbole,understatement,Paradox,Pun)
意象与象征
示例
AValediction:ForbiddingMourning
Asvirtuousmenpassmildlyaway,
Andwhispertotheirsouls,togo,
Whilstsomeoftheirsadfriendsdosay,
“Thebreathgoesnow,”andsomesay,“No:”
Soletusmelt,andmakenonoise,
Notear-floods,norsigh-tempestsmove;
‘Twereprofanationofourjoys
Totellthelaityourlove.
Movingofth’earthbringsharmsandfears;
Menreckonwhatitdid,andmeant;
Buttrepidationofthespheres,
Thoughgreaterfar,isinnocent.
Dullsublunarylovers’love
(Whosesoulissense)cannotadmit
Absence,becauseitdothremove
Thosethingswhichelementedit.
Butwebyalovesomuchrefin’d,
Thatourselvesknownotwhatitis,
Inter-assuredofthemind,
Careless,eyes,lips,andhandstomiss.
Ourtwosoulstherefore,whichareone,
ThoughImustgo,endurenotyetAbreach,butanexpansion,
Likegoldtoairythinnessbeat.
Iftheybetwo,theyaretwoso
Asstifftwincompassesaretwo;
Thysoul,thefix’dfoot,makesnoshow
Tomove,butdoth,ifthe’otherdo.
Andthoughitinthecentresit,
Yetwhentheotherfardothroam,
Itleans,andhearkensafterit,
Andgrowserect,asthatcomeshome.
Suchwiltthoubetome,whomust
Liketh’otherfoot,obliquelyrun;
Thyfirmnessmakesmycirclejust,
Andmakesmeend,whereIbegun.
Questions:
(1)Summarizethemaincontentofthepoem.
(2)Whoistheauthorofthepoem?Whichschooldoesitbelongto?Whatarethecharacteristicsofthisschool?
(3)What’sthethemeofthispoem?
(4)What’sthemeterandrhymeschemeofthispoem?
Key:
(1)Intheopeningstanza,heusesthenotionofdeathasametaphorforhisdepaturefromhiswife.Holdingstrongbeliefineternallife,thosevirtuousmendonotfeardeath.Likely,Donnekeepsstrongfaithinhisrelationshipwithhiswife.ThenDonnetellshiswifenottobesad,askingforacalmseparation.Hejustifieshiswishbyshowingthattheyshareaholylove,bothsexualandspiritualinnature.Next,thepoet
expressedhisloyaltytohiswifebymeansofacompass.
(2)JonneDonne.Hebelongstometaphysicalschool.Generally,theirpoetryischaracterizedbymysticismincontentandfantasticalityinform.ThebasicfeatureofMetaphysicalpoetryisits“wit”or“conceit”.
(3)Love(religiouslove);Death;Religiousfaith;Science
(4)Meter:iambictetrameter;rhymescheme:abab
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